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Measure the texture of powder and granules

Discover how a Texture Analyser can quantify the physical attributes of powders and granules in various different ways.

Why measure physical properties from powder to end product? How a Texture Analyser can be applied to powder and granule physical property measurement? Typical measurements Typical graphs indicating relevant physical property parameters Typical product test and graph Case studies Probes and attachments for measuring the physical properties of powders and granules Test methods Using the Texture Analyser for new powder and granule ingredient and product ideas
Lab technicial holding spoon of white powder

Why measure physical properties from powder to end product?

The measurement of mechanical properties in powders and granules is a fundamental scientific pursuit with profound implications for various industries, particularly in pharmaceuticals, food processing, and materials science.

These properties encompass attributes such as flowability, compressibility, cohesion, and caking potential, which play a pivotal role in determining product quality, manufacturability, and performance. Accurate measurement of these mechanical characteristics is essential for optimising processes, ensuring product consistency, and advancing the design of formulations and materials.

In essence, the scientific measurement of mechanical properties in powders and granules stands as a cornerstone practice that drives innovation, quality control, and process efficiency across a wide spectrum of industrial applications.

Worker scooping granules in a factory
Person scooping protein powder from a bag
Person pouring a scoop of washing powder into a machine drawer
Worker scooping granules in a factory
Person scooping protein powder from a bag
Person pouring a scoop of washing powder into a machine drawer

How a Texture Analyser can be applied to powder and granule physical property measurement?

The development and manufacturing of powders and granules have a myriad of applications, from pharmaceuticals to foods, and ensuring their optimal mechanical properties is crucial for performance, safety, and consumer acceptance. A Texture Analyser, with its capability to quantify these properties, can be a powerful tool in this industry.

Here's how it can be of assistance:

  • Compaction analysis: Essential for tablet formation in pharmaceuticals, a Texture Analyser can gauge the force required to compress powders into a compacted form and the resultant cohesion.
  • Flowability testing: The way powders flow affects processing, handling, and end-use. The Texture Analyser can simulate and quantify the flow of powders under various conditions.
  • Caking and agglomeration assessment: Over time or under pressure, some powders might form lumps or cakes. The Texture Analyser can help understand and predict this behaviour, facilitating better storage and handling practices.
  • Granule resistance and durability: For products like instant coffee or powdered detergents, granule resilience is vital. The Texture Analyser can determine how much force or abrasion these granules can withstand before breaking.
  • Moisture effects: The Texture Analyser can measure how moisture affects the mechanical properties of powders, vital for products sensitive to humidity.
  • Stress testing: Understanding how powders behave under stress can inform machinery design and optimise manufacturing processes.
  • Bulk density measurement: This determines the weight of the powder when considering its overall volume, which is crucial for packaging and transportation considerations.
  • Claims substantiation: If the powder or granule product comes with specific claims like "easily forms a cake" or "no clumping," a Texture Analyser can provide empirical data to support these claims.
  • Quality control: Regular measurements can ensure that each batch of powder or granules conforms to the set mechanical property standards, ensuring product consistency.
  • Influence of additives: Often, powders have additives to improve flow or other properties. The Texture Analyser can quantify these effects, guiding optimal additive incorporation.
  • Feedback loop for R&D: By providing tangible data on mechanical properties, the R&D departments can make informed decisions on formulations, processing methods, and more.

In summary, employing a Texture Analyser in the domain of powders and granules bridges the gap between formulation and real-world performance. It provides invaluable insights, ensuring that the developed products not only meet theoretical specifications but also excel in practical applications.

Typical measurements

Texture Analysers, when appropriately equipped, are versatile instruments capable of quantifying various mechanical properties of materials, including powders and granules.

Here's a breakdown of the key mechanical properties that a Texture Analyser can measure for powders and granules:

Flowability

Assesses the ease with which a powder or granule can flow, crucial for processes like filling, packaging, and dispensing.

Caking and clumping resistance

Measuring the powder's or granule's resistance to forming lumps or cakes under certain conditions.

Cohesiveness

Determining how much the particles of the powder or granule stick together or have the potential to bridge.

Adhesion and cohesion

Understanding how powders stick to surfaces (adhesion) or to each other (cohesion) can guide formulation and processing decisions.

Elastic recovery

In compressed powders or granules, measures the extent to which the material recovers its original shape after compression.

Unconfined yield stress

Measuring the unconfined yield stress of powder involves evaluating the powder's resistance to flow or deformation when subjected to an applied stress in the absence of external confinement.

Compressibility

Measures the ability of a powder or granule to decrease in volume under pressure. This is crucial for tablet manufacturing and bulk packaging.

Granule strength

Assessing the force required to break or crush a granule, indicating its robustness during handling.

Bulk density

Evaluates the mass of the powder in a specific volume, which can provide insights into its packing and space utilisation.

Attrition or breakage resistance

Evaluates the resistance of granules or agglomerated particles to breakage under specific conditions, crucial for transport, and handling considerations.

Powder flow speed dependence

Measures the effect of movement speed on the flow of powders.

Vertical shear strength

Quantifies the force required to initiate flow or movement of the powder in a vertical direction under controlled conditions, crucial for understanding the powder's flow behaviour and bulk handling properties.

By measuring these mechanical properties, manufacturers can gain insights that inform product formulation, processing parameters, storage recommendations, and packaging designs. Ensuring the desired mechanical characteristics in powders and granules is crucial for both the end-use performance and manufacturability of the product.

Typical graphs indicating relevant physical property parameters

Graph showing comparison of stress relaxation of two powders using the Powder Compaction Rig
Comparison of stress relaxation of two powders using the Powder Compaction Rig
Graph showing measurement of shear strength of a powder using the Powder Vertical Shear Strength Rig
Measurement of shear strength of a powder using the Powder Vertical Shear Strength Rig

Typical product test and graph

Case studies

Whether its providing the solution for the FDA to measure powder flow, allowing Evonik to measure caking or offering a method for Nutricia to file their patent for infant-formulae preparations, a Texture Analyser is adaptable and flexible in its application to measure the bespoke texture of your product and then enable its quality to be controlled in your manufacturing to guarantee consistency and customer satisfaction.

With deep expertise in powder and granule texture analysis, we’re well equipped to support innovation in this sector – just ask our customers.

Probes and attachments for measuring the physical properties of powders and granules

A wide range of probes and attachments can be integrated with our instruments, allowing testing to be precisely adapted to the material or product under evaluation. Applications include the Granule Compaction Rig used to compare granule failure, Powder Vertical Shear Rig to assess powder cohesion properties or a Powder Flow Analyser employed to measure such parameters as cohesion, caking and flow speed depended of  powders.

When a suitable solution does not already exist, we develop one – examples include the the Powder Flow Analyser and Unconfined Yield Stress Rig expanding our portfolio of products and reinforcing our commitment to innovation in solving complex testing challenges.

The examples provided illustrate a selection of specialised attachments and commonly performed measurements within this application area. This list is not exhaustive; a wide range of additional options are available for the testing of powder and granule products. All instruments in the Texture Analyser range can be used to perform the tests described.

Powder Flow Analyser

Allows the assessment of typical powder issues such as batch and source variation in ingredients, caking during storage/transportation and problems with discharging from hoppers or bins.

High Tolerance Powder Compaction Rig

Suited to high force applications where the punch/die clearance is critical for the assessment of powder compaction properties.

Low Tolerance Powder Compaction Rig

Suited to powder compaction applications where the punch/die clearance is less critical.

Granule Compaction Rig

This test allows the granule/hardness compressibility to be assessed.

Powder Vertical Shear Rig

For the determination of powder shear strength with minimal operator intervention.

Powder Consolidation and Caking Rig

This test allows the assessment of the sample’s caking behaviour, after consolidation using the supplied weight.

Indexable Powder Compaction Rig 0.5"

For lower force compaction applications, this increases sample throughput by enabling a series of tests on a sample.

Indexable Powder Compaction Rig 5mm

For lower force compaction applications, this increases sample throughput by enabling a series of tests on a sample.

Unconfined Yield Stress Rig

This test allows the measurement of unconfined yield stress with changing consolidation stress.

Cylinder Probes

Allow measurement of single particle mechanical strength or progressive swelling of granules/pellets.

Test methods

Exponent Connect software includes a comprehensive range of test methods for powder and granule products, all instantly accessible at the click of a button. We streamline your texture testing process, ensuring faster access to methods and ready-to-use analysis files for your product properties.

Using the Texture Analyser for new powder and granule ingredient and product ideas

Powders and granules play crucial roles in numerous industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and more. Research and development in this sector are driven by the need for better processability, functionality, stability, and end-product performance. Here's a glimpse into some of the recent innovations and trends in the realm of powders and granules:

Microencapsulation

This process involves enclosing active ingredients (e.g., flavours, vitamins, or pharmaceutical drugs) within a protective shell, enhancing stability and controlled release.

View published examples using the Texture Analyser

Instant powders

Improved solubility powders, especially for products like protein powders or drink mixes, that can dissolve quickly in liquids.

View published examples using the Texture Analyser

Nanoparticles

Ultra-fine powders, particularly in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, for enhanced delivery and penetration.

View published examples using the Texture Analyser

Co-processed excipients

In the pharmaceutical industry, these are combined excipients that have been specifically processed to provide improved functionalities compared to their individual components.

View published examples using the Texture Analyser

Composite powders/granules

Powders that combine two or more materials to achieve desired properties.

View published examples using the Texture Analyser

Pharmaceutical formulations

New granulated formulations for improved drug delivery, solubility, or stability.

View published examples using the Texture Analyser

Powdered metals for metallurgy

New alloys or treatments to improve strength, corrosion resistance, or other properties.

View published examples using the Texture Analyser

Effervescent granules

Used in effervescent tablets, these granules release gas when in contact with water, leading to a fizzy solution.

View published examples using the Texture Analyser

Spray drying and freeze drying

These are techniques to produce powders from liquid solutions or suspensions. They offer different particle characteristics and preservation qualities.

View published examples using the Texture Analyser

Functional powders/granules

Granules that deliver specific functionalities, such as probiotic carriers, moisture absorbers, or time-release nutrients. Powders that are chemically modified to provide specific functionalities such as hydrophobicity, magnetism, or luminescence.

View published examples using the Texture Analyser

Sustainable and organic powders

With a push for natural and eco-friendly products, there's a rise in organic powders and granules derived from sustainable sources.

View published examples using the Texture Analyser

3D printing powders

Metal, ceramic, or polymer powders suitable for additive manufacturing.

View published examples using the Texture Analyser

Cosmetic powders

Enhanced powders for makeup with added benefits like UV protection or anti-aging properties.

View published examples using the Texture Analyser

Contents

  • Why measure physical properties from powder to end product?
  • How a Texture Analyser can be applied to powder and granule physical property measurement?
  • Typical measurements
  • Typical graphs indicating relevant physical property parameters
  • Typical product test and graph
  • Case studies
  • Probes and attachments for measuring the physical properties of powders and granules
  • Test methods
  • Using the Texture Analyser for new powder and granule ingredient and product ideas

MORE INFORMATION

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See patents citing the Texture Analyser
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